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希伯來書導論

 

作者簡介

馮蔭坤博士

馮蔭坤,廣東番禺人,一九三七年在香港出生。

先後畢業於香港大學(榮譽文學士,專修英文)、英國倫敦聖經學院(榮譽文憑)、倫敦大學(道學士)、美國福樂神學院(神學碩士)及英國曼徹斯特大學(哲學博士)。

於六零年代曾任香港宣道書局編輯部助理、國際基督徒學生福音團契遠東區幹事、香港播道神學院講師。一九七五年起任香港中國神學研究院講師,八三年起轉為研究院士兼特約講師

除了翻譯之作、學術性文章約干篇,以及本書外,另註有:屬於本註釋叢書之《腓立比書》、《帖撒羅尼迦前書》、《帖撒羅尼迦後書》;《擘開生命之餅──路加五個獨有的比喻》(香港基道,二版1992)、《恩賜與事奉:保羅神學點滴》(香港天道,增訂版1988)、《真理與自由:加拉太書註釋》(香港證道,增訂版1987)、以及The Epistle to the GalatiansNICNTGrand RapidsEerdmans1988)

 

作者序

希伯來書可能是筆者在神學院和教會中講授或講解得最多的一卷書:在教會方面,筆者曾在當年(1966年)所屬教會一連串的主日講道聚會中講完整卷書,十年後又在另一教會的英文部成人主日學講解耶穌基督為祭司的題目,近年間(1990)亦曾連續六個月隔週在所屬教會的查經小組聚會中講解全書。在神學院方面,筆者初在播道神學院任教時(1967-1969年),所要負責教授的科目之一就是「利未記──希伯來書」;其後於一九八○至八二年間,曾在「中神」校本部講授希伯來書兩次,又在延伸部講授「希伯來書的信息與神學」──該次有一百八十人報讀,是筆者教學生涯中的一項記錄!一九八九年底「帖撒羅尼迦後書註釋」脫稿後至今,其間幾乎四年的絕大部分時間,就是投資在撰寫本註釋上。

據說,著名的新約學者賴福特1主教曾給予他的一個學生這樣的忠告:你若要寫一本關於某題目的書,就要把有關該題目的所有著作看完!2筆者必須承認,這是自己無法達到的理想,在這方面只能量力而為;若以本註釋的參考書目跟(舉例說)新近兩本英文的希伯來書註釋的書目相比,3難免有小巫見大巫之感。雖然如此,筆者仍要向「中神」的同工張略牧師致謝:他慷慨地把大約一百五十份的文章影印本借給筆者參考,而筆者一借就是頭尾四年!筆者也衷心感謝同工孫淑喜先生:他借給筆者一部先進的電腦列印機,使筆者可以把存於電腦的那部分文稿順利印出。筆者在使用電腦的事上現今仍是個「超齡的幼稚園預班生」,在開始學用電腦至今這兩年間,屢次勞煩多位「中神」同工及筆者教會的周國林弟兄給予指導或幫助,謹在此向他們一併致謝。

關於本註釋,還有幾點要稍作交代:(一)「上帝」與「神」在意思上並無分別,二字的用法有時是因應著剛引用的中文譯本的譯法,有時是為了較好的句法的緣故(例如:「上帝子民的……」似乎勝於「神的子民的……」),有時甚至未經特別的思考。(二)印出經文時,舊約的引句都是按照希臘文聖經的分行法;此點可參新譯本及現代中文譯本的做法。(三)一節經文若分為二或更多部分,abc等字母所代表的是原文的次序,中譯本的次序有時不同(例如:一4)。(四)簡寫表的英文部分本身亦分為二:先是一般的項目,然後是希伯來書的註釋書及希伯來書的專題研究。參考書目的「乙部:英文書刊」也照樣一分為二:先是書名或文章題目中有提及經文章節的那些項目,然後是其他的。(五)本註釋沒有希臘字詞索引(此點與其姊妹作「腓立比書註釋」、「帖撒羅尼迦前/後書註釋」不同),因為希伯來書比該三卷的保羅書信長多了,註釋本身的篇幅亦已不少,似乎不適宜再附加這種「奢侈品」。更何況艾靈偉的註釋已提供了希臘字詞索引,4而且他的字詞研究的範圍比筆者所能涉及的更廣。(六)本註釋盡量在各大段(如大綱的:壹、貳)及分段(如:一、二)之前提供該段的結構或內容分析,讀者若在閱讀每節的討論之先或同時,再次參考這些分析,可有助於避去「只見樹木、不見森林」的危險。5去年收到一位任教會傳道的「中神」校友的信,他表示「深深感受到一本首尾貫徹、且闡釋詳盡,又能合理解釋其中……的警告等的釋經書,實在有莫大的需要」。本註釋能否滿足上述的需求,只能留待讀者自己去判斷;筆者只是盡了棉力,在本身的種種限制下接受了希伯來書之研究的挑戰。6無論如何,靠著上帝的恩典,本註釋終於完成了;為此,筆者向神獻上感謝,也多謝曾為筆者禱告的主內肢體。內子與筆者同走人生路已歷廿五載,並且一直支持筆者全職事奉的決定;「中神」繼續提供方便的寫作環境;這些都是筆者未敢忘懷的恩典。祈盼本註釋能幫助更多的華人信徒認識和欣賞希伯來書獨特的信息,更願上帝幫助我們全心倚賴我們大祭司耶穌基督的職事,即使在患難與逼迫中,仍然堅守所信,向著我們天上那「更美的家鄉」(十一16),就是「神所經營所建造的」(十一10)「那將來的城」(十三14)邁進。

馮蔭坤謹誌

一九九三年 十月二日

香港 中國神學研究院

 

1 J. B. Lightfoot (1828-1889). Cf. R. E. NixonNIDCC 596.

2 See ExpT 104 (1992-93) 128a.

3 Ellingworth的書目長達七十五頁(xxiv-xcviii);參Lane II各分段之前的書目。

4 See Ellingworth 757-64.

5 Cf. Lane II xii.

6 參唐佑之:「教會之隱憂與挑戰:(二)神合用的工人」,「金燈臺」第十八期(88.11):「華人教會的隱憂,是缺少聖經研究的工人。這隱憂也應成為挑戰,使時代工人重新著重聖經真理,合乎主用」(該文結語)。

 

簡寫表

串釋              「聖經──串珠•註釋本」(香港,中國神學研究院編撰,證道出版社出版;新約全書1984,舊約全書1986,新舊約全書1987

和合              「新舊約全書」(香港聖經公會;現代標點符號新約全書1978

思高              「聖經」(香港思高聖經學會1968

現中              「聖經──現代中文譯本」(香港聖經公會1980

當聖              「當代聖經」(香港天道1979

新譯              「聖經新譯本──嚮導版」(香港天道1992

簡明              「新約希漢簡明字典」(聯合聖經公會1989

                史伯誠著:「望斷以及於耶穌(希伯來書略解)」(台北見證書室1973

司迪民            司迪民著 陳偉明譯:「末了的話──希伯來書新觀」(香港種籽1980

\cs16           李常受著:「希伯來書生命讀經」(台灣福音書房1984

                馬有藻著:「猶太人的福音:希伯來書詮釋」(香港基道1991

陳玉玲            陳玉玲著:「希伯來書淺釋」(香港陳偉崑1966/1971

                黃彼得著:「認識無比的基督」(印尼瑪琅東南亞聖道神學院1991/1992

陳則信            陳則信著:「希伯來書中心的信息」(香港基督徒出版社1981

麥柯乃            麥柯乃著 吳終源譯:「希伯來書」(台灣光啟1976

陳終道            陳終道著:「希伯來書講義」(修訂版,香港宣道1973

康爾伯            康爾伯著 呂紹端譯:「希伯來書的贖罪觀」(香港信義宗聯合出版社,日期不詳)

                賈玉銘著:「希伯來書講義」(台灣基督教天人社1969

摩根              坎伯•摩根著 張世衡/鍾越娜譯:「希伯來書」(美國活泉1990

                慕安得烈著:「至聖所(希伯來書講義)」(香港中華神學院1955/1963

AB                               Anchor Bible

AJBA                           Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology

AJT                              Asia Journal of Theology

AnBib                          Analecta Biblica

AUSS                           Andrews University Seminary Studies

AV                               Authorized (King James) Version

BAGD                         W. Baur - W. F. Arndt - F. W. Gingrich - F.W. Danker, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1979)

BDF                             F. Blass - A. Debrunner - R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammer of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1961/1967)

Bib                               Biblica

BibT                             Biblical Theology

BibTrans                      The Bible Translator

BJRL                            Bulletin of John Rylands University Library of Manchester

BNTC                          Black's New Testament Commentaries

BR                               Biblical Research

BS                                Bibliotheca Sacra

BTB                             Biblical Theology Bulletin

BZ                                Biblische Zeitschrift

CBQ                            Catholic Biblical Quarterly

CBQMS                       Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series

CBSC                          Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

CJT                             Canadian Journal of Theology

Concordance               Concordance to the Novum Testamentum Graece (3rd ed.; Berlin and New York 1987)

CTJ                             Calvin Theological Journal

CTM                            Concordia Theological Monthly

Dana-Mantey               H. E. Dana - J. R. Mantey, A Manual Grammer of the Greek New Testament (New York 1927/1955)

EAJT                           East Asia Journal of Theology

EBD                             Eerdmans Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. A. C. Myers (Grand Rapids 1987/1989)

EDNT                          Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, ed H. Balz and G. Schneider (3 vols; Grand Rapids 1990-93)

EGT                            The Expositor's Greek Testament, ed W. R. Nicoll (5 vols; Grand Rapids, 1961 reprint)

EQ                               Evangelical Quarterly

ERT                             Evangelical Review of Theology

E. T.                             English Translation

ExpT                           Expository Times

FS                                Festschrift

GNS                            Good News Studies

GTJ                             Grace Theological Journal

HeyJ                            Heythrop Journal

HNTC                         Harper's New Testament Commentaries [=American version of BNTC]

HTR                             Harvard Theological Review

IBD                              Illustrated Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. N. Hillyer (3 parts; Leicester 1980)

IBS                               Irish Biblical Studies

IDB/IDBS                     The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed G. A. Buttrick et al. (4 vols; New York 1962; supplementary volume 1976)

Idiom                           C. F. D. Moule, An Idiom-Book of New Testament Greek (2nd ed.; Cambridge 1959/1968)

Int                                Interpretation

ISBER                          The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed G. W. Bromiley et al. (fully revised, 4 vols; Grand Rapids 1979-88)

IVPNTCS                    Inter-Varsity Press New Testament Commentary Series

JBL                              Journal of Biblical Literature

JETS                            Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

JSNT                           Journal for the Study of the New Testament

JSNTSS                       Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series

JSOTSS                       Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series

JTS                              Journal of Theological Studies

LN                               J. P. Louw - E.A. Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament based on Semantic Domains (2 vols; New York 1988/1989)

LSJ                              A Greek-English Lexicon, by H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, 9th edition revised by H. S. Jones (Oxford 1940/1976)

LXX                            Septuaginta, ed A. Rahlfs (2 vols; Stuttgart 1965)

MBS                            Message of Biblical Spirituality

Metzger                        B. M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London and New York 1971)

MHT                            J. H. Moulton - W. F. Howard - N. Turner, A Grammar of New Testament Greek (4 vols; Edinburgh 1906-76)

MM                             J. H. Moulton - G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (London 1930/1972)

Moods and Tenses       E. D. Burton, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek (Grand Rapids, 1973 reprint)

MT                              Masoretic Text

NASB                          New American Standard Bible

NBCR                         New Bible Commentary Revised, ed D. Guthrie et al. (London 1970)

NCBC                         New Century Bible Commentary

NDT                            New Dictionary of Theology, ed S. B. Ferguson and D. F. Wright (Leicester and Downers Grove 1988)

Nestle-Aland                Nestle-Aland, Greek-English New Testament (26th rev.ed; Stuttgart n.d.)

NEB                            New English Bible

Neot                            Neotestamentica

NIBC                           New International Biblical Commentary

NICNT                        New International Biblical Commentary on the New Testament

NIDCC                        New International Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed J. D. Douglas et al. (Exeter 1974)

NIDNTT                      New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed C Brown (E.T., 3 vols; Grand Rapids 1975-78)

NIGTC                        New International Greek Testament Commentary

NIV                             New International Version

NIVSB                         The NIV Study Bible, ed K. Barker et al. (Grand Rapids 1985)

NLCNT                       New London Commentary on the New Testament

NovT                           Novum Testamentum

NS/n.s.                         New series

NTA                             New Testament Abstracts

NTM                           New Testament Message

NTS                             New Testament Studies

NTTS                          New Testament Tools and Studies

PTR                             Princeton Theological Review

QR                               Quarterly Review

RestQ                           Restoration Quarterly

RevExp                        Review and Expositor

RSV                             Revised Standard Version

RTR                             Reformed Theological Review

RV                               Revised Version

SBET                           Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology

SBL (MS)                    Society of Biblical Literature (Monograph Series)

SBT                             Studies in Biblical Theology

SuppNovT                   Supplements to Novum Testament

SWJT                           Southwestern Journal of Theology

TD                               Theology Digest

TDNT                          Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed G. W. Bromiley (E.T., 9 vols; Grand Rapids 1964-74), with index (10th) volume by R. E. Pitkin (1976)

TDNTA                        Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, abridged in one volume by G. W. Bromiley (Gramd Rapids 1985)

TDOT                          Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, d G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren (E.T., 6 vols to date; 1974-90)

Thayer                          J. H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, translated, revised and enlarged from Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti (New York n.d.)

TNTC                          Tyndale New Testament Commentary

TOTC                          Tyndale Old Testament Commentary

TrinJ                            Trinity Journal

TToday                        Theology Today

TynB                            Tyndale Bulletin

TU                               Texte und Untersuchungen

VE                               Vox Evangelica

Verbal Aspect              S. E. Porter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament, with Reference to Tense and Mood (Studies in Biblical Greek, vol. 1; New York 1989)

WBC                           Work Biblical Commentary

WTJ                             Westminster Theological Journal

Zerwick                        M. Zerwick, Biblical Greek (E.T.; Rome 1963)

A. B. Bruce                 A. B. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews: The First Apology for Christianity (1899; Minneapolis, 1980 reprint)

Archer                          G. L. Archer, Jr., The Epistle to the Hebrews: A Study Manual (Grand Rapids 1957/1974)

Attridge I                      H. W. Attridge, 'Hebrews', in Harper's Bible Commentary, ed J. L. Mays et al. (San Francisco 1988), 1259-71

Attridge II                    H. W. Attridge, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Hermeneia; Philadephia 1989)

Barclay I                      W. Barclay, Epistle to the Hebrews (Bible Guides 20; London and New York 1965)

Barclay II                     W. Barclay, The Letter to the Hebrews (Daily Study Bible; rev. ed.; Philadelphia 1976)

Bourke                         M. M. Bourke, 'The Epistle to the Hebrews', in The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, ed R. E. Brown et al. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1990), 920-41

Bowman                       J. W. Bowman, Hebrews, James I & II Peter (London 1963)

Brown                          R. Brown, Christ Above All: The Message of Hebrews (Leicester 1982)

Bruce I                         F. F. Bruce, 'Hebrews', in Peake's Commentary on the Bible, ed M. Black and H. H. Rowley (London 1962/1967), 1008-19

Bruce II                        F. F. Bruce, Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (NLCNT; London 1964)

Bruce III                      F. F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews (NICNT; Grand Rapids 1990)

Buchanan                     G. W. Buchanan, To the Hebrews (AB 36; Garden City 1972/1978)

Calvin                           J. Calvin, The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews and the First and Second Epistles of St. Peter (E.T., Edinburgh 1963)

Casey                           J. Casey, Hebrews (NTM 18; Wilmington, DE 1980/1987)

Cheung                         L. L. Cheung, 'Faith in Hebrews' (unpublished M.Th. thesis, Australian College of Theology 1990)

D'Angelo                      M. R. D'Angelo,