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傳道書導論

 

原編者序

　　本系列註釋旨在提供一套內容精簡、資料最新的解經叢書。每卷書最重要的問題，在導論與附加註釋中詳盡討論，但避免過度專業化。

　　各卷註釋的作者在字數的限制之內，對於各項問題除了自由表達自己的見解之外，仍盡可能介紹其他解釋法。雖然不是他們的看法，但卻代表另一些熱誠信徒的結論。

　　沒有一本英譯本能充份反映舊約聖經的原文，因此註釋者常引用不同的譯本，或自己另譯，儘量使一些艱澀的字鮮活起來。若有必要，會將希伯來文（或亞蘭文）聖經直譯，以助研究，使不熟悉閃族語文的讀者明瞭所討論的字，而掌握討論的要意。讀者在閱讀註釋時，至少應使用一本（或兩本以上）可靠的英文聖經版本。

　　傳道書之中有許多超越時間的教訓，對今日仍然有益。但這卷書太少人研讀，常常只有一部份受重視，被引用，並且對本卷書解釋的角度甚為分歧。伊頓先生在本註釋中帶給讀者一平衡而具學術水準的觀點，並顧及對現代生活的應用。

　　直到今日，信徒對舊約聖經之意義與信息的興趣並未消減。盼望本系列註釋能促進更多人作有系統的研讀，以致對神的啟示、旨意與道路認識更深，在這個時代回應神的話語。這是編者、作者與出版者至誠的祈禱。

魏茲曼（D. J. Wiseman）

 

作者序

　　如果惟有受過苦的人才能為約伯記作註，惟有從叛逆中回頭的人才能釋意約拿書，那麼惟有經歷過幻夢破碎、對世界絕望、厭棄的人，才有資格寫傳道書的註釋；若是如此，我可算有資格了。這種經驗許多人都經歷過，但是有些人沈溺其中後再也無法自拔。難怪在許多不同的圈子中，都可發現有人受傳道書吸引；他們認為作者是一位「溫和的嘲諷者」，與他「心有戚戚焉」。人對生命的看法，開始的角度可能非常不同，但最終正如漢利（W. E. Henley）的話：

　　──一陣繚繞的輕煙──

　　曲扭著，震顫著，
　　風兒飛拂，急旋，
　　化作薄蹤虛影，消逝於無盡太虛。
　　茅舍華廈歸於一處！
　　斗室包廂歸於一處！
　　智慧人，愚昧人，
　　同在一處燒成灰燼。
　　我們只為一件事而生：
　　虛空的虛空。

　　（萬物皆空）

　　傳道者的勸勉直截了當又很實際，是這種抑鬱症的唯一藥方。傳道者的神（也是我的神）是掌管「定時、定期」的那一位，從祂所得的「安靜的一把」（傳四6）是唯一的治療法。我將這一味特製的糧食撒在水面，求神讓別人也能有同樣的發現。

　　拙作承蒙摩泰爾牧師（Rev. J. A. Motyer）甚多指點，他在克利夫登神學院（Clifton Theological College）執教期間，我常去向他請教。任教於倫敦大學東方與非洲研究學院的魏茲曼教授（D. J. Wiseman），最近給予我不少協助，謹在此致謝。對傳道書整體的解釋，則是本人自己的見解。我很高興讀到一篇近作，是華柏瑞所寫（R. N. Whybray，'Qoheleth， Preacher of Joy'，Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 23，1982，pp.87-98），對傳道書喜樂的一面比一般人更加重視。可惜我已來不及將它列入本書中。

　　感謝穆倫尼女士（Mrs. Caroline Mullenix）為本書打字；感謝我的妻子，在我寫作的時間遭打岔之際，她的禱告使本書能得以問世。我很榮幸能與本教會（Nairobi Baptist Church）早堂崇拜的會友分享本書的信息，那一系列講章對我的幫助，至今猶存。

　　我懇求神使用這本註釋書，激起讀者對傳道書有新鮮的認識，引導一些人脫離絕望的深淵，安息於以神為神的世界觀中，正如我所經歷的。盼望讀者也能瞥見橫跨傳道書鴻溝的那一位──我們的主耶穌基督。

伊頓（Michael Eaton）

 

簡寫一覽

{\Section:TopicID=103}Ⅰ　傳道書的註釋與論文

Aalders                  Het Boek de Prediker by G. Ch. Aalders (Commentar op Het Oude Testament), 1948.

Barton                    Ecclesiastes by G. A. Barton (International Critical Commentary), 1908.

CPIQ                     M. Dahood, 'Canaanite-Phoenician Influence in Qoheleth', Biblica, 33. 1952, pp. 30-52, 191-221.

Delitzsch                 The Song qf Songs and Ecclesiastes by F. Delitzsch, 1891.

Ellemeier                Qohelet I/1, Untersuchengen zum Buche Qohelet by F. Ellermeier, 1967.

Galling                    Die Fu/f Megilloth by K. Galling, 1940, 2 1969.

Ginsberg                 Supplementary Studies in Koheleth by H. L. Ginsberg, 1952.

Ginsburg                 Coheleth by C. D. Ginsburg, 1861.

Gordis                    Koheleth - the Man and His World by R. Gordis, 1955.

Graetz                    Kohelet oder der Salomonische Prediger by H. Graetz. 1871.

Hengstenberg         Commentary on Ecclesiastes by E. W. Hengstenberg, 1869.

Hertzberg               Der Prediger, Das Buch Esther by H. W. Hertzberg and H. Bardtke (Kommentar zum Alten Testament), 1963.

Jastrow                  A Gentle Cynic by M. Jastrow, 1919.

Jones                      Proverbs, Ecclesiastes by E. Jones (Torch Bible Commentaries), 1961.

Kidner                    A Time to Mourn, and a Time to Dance by D. Kidner (The Bible speaks today), 1976.

Lauha                     Kohelet by A. Lauha (Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament), 1978.

Leupold                  Exposition of Ecclesiastes by H. C. Leupold, 1952.

Luther                    'Notes on Ecclesiastes', Luther's Works, vol. 15, 1972.

Lys                         L~Eccle*siaste ou que vaut la vie？ by D. Lys, vol. 1, 1977.

McNeile                 An Introduction to Ecclesiastes by A. H. McNeile, 1904.

PBQ                      M. Dahood, 'The Phoenician Background of Qoheleth', Biblica, 47, 1966, pp. 264-282.

Plumptre                 Ecclesiastes or The Preacher by E. H. Plumptre, 1881.

Podechard              L~Eccle*siaste by E. Podechard, 1912.

Power                    Ecclesiastes or The Preacher by A. D. Power, 1952.

QRD                      M. Dahood, 'Qoheleth and Recent Discoveries', Biblica, 39, 1958, pp. 302-318.

Ranston                  Ecclesiastes and the Early Greek Wisdom Literature by H. Ranston, 1925.

Rylaarsdam            Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon by J. C. Rylaarsdam, 1965.

Scott                      Proverbs, Ecclesiastes by R. B. Y. Scott (Anchor Bible), 1965.

Thilo                       Der Prediger by M. Thilo, 1923.

Wardlaw                Lectures on the Book of Ecclesiastes by R. Wardlaw, 2 vols., 1838.

Wildeboer              Der Prediger by G. Wildeboer, 1898.

Williams                 Ecclesiastes by A. L. Williams (The Cambridge Bible), 1922.

Wright                    The Book of Koheleth by C. H. H. Wright, 1883.

Zimmerli                 Das Buch Des Predigers Salomo by W. Zimmerli, 1962.

{\Section:TopicID=104}Ⅱ 聖經版本

AV                         Authorized Version (King, James), 1611.

ASV                      American Standard Version, 1901.

Berkeley                 Revised Berkeley Version, 1974.

GNB                      Good News Bible, 1976.

Heb.                       Hebrew.

JB                          Jerusalem Bible, 1966.

LXX                      The Septuagint (Greek Version of the Old Testament).

mg.                         margin.

Moffatt                   A New Translation of the Bible by J. Moffatt, 1935.

MT                        Massoretic Text.

NAB                      The New American Bible, 1970.

NASV                   New American Standard Version, 1971.

NEB                      The New English Bible, 1970.

NIV                       New International Version, 1978.

Peshitta                  The Old Testament in Syriac (E. J. Brill, Leiden), part II, fasc. 5, 1979.

RSV                       Revised Standard Version, 1952.

RV                         Revised Version, 1885.

Targum                   A. Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic , vol. IVA, 1968.

{\Section:TopicID=105}Ⅲ 其他參考資料

ANET                    Ancient Near Eastern Texts edited by J. B. Pritchard, 3 1969.

BDB                      Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S. R. Driver and C. A. Briggs, 1907.

DS                         Hebrew Syntax by A. B. Davidson, 3 1901.

DTTML                 Dictionary of the Targumin, Talmud Babli, Yerushalmi' and Midrashic Literature by M. Jastrow, 1971 edition.

GK                        Hebrew Grammar by W. Gesenius, E. Kautzsch and A. F. Cowley, 2  1910.

IB                           The Interpreter's Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al., 12vols., 1952-57.

IBD                        The Illustrated Bible Dictionary edited by N. Hillyer et al., 3 vols., 1980.

IDB                        The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al., 4 vols., 1962.

Jou/on                     Grammaire de l~He*breu Biblique by P. Jou/on, 1923.

Lambert                 Babylonian Wisdom Literature by W. G. Lambert, 1960.

Leiman                   The Canonisation of the Hebrew Scriptures by S. Z. Leiman, 1976.

LS                          A Greek-English Lexicon by H. Liddell and R. Scott, 9 1940.

NBCR                    The New Bible Commentary Revised edited by D. Guthrie et al., 1970.

SIAIW                    Studies in Ancient Israelite Wisdom edited by J. L. Crenshaw, 1976.

TDNT                    Theological Dictionary of the New Testament edited by G. Kittel and G. Friedrich; E. T. edited by G. W. Bromiley, 10 vols., 1964-76.

UBD                      Unger's Bible Dictionary by M. F. Unger, 1957.

WIANE                  Wisdom in Israel and in the Ancient Near East edited by M. Noth and D. W. Thomas, 1955.

References to Ibn Ezra and Kimchi (Jewish commentators) and Aquila (a translator into Greek) are dependent on secondary sources.

{\Section:TopicID=106}Ⅳ 期刊

ASTI                      Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute.

BASOR                  Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research.

Bib                         Biblca.

CBQ                      Catholic Bible Quarterly.

EQ                         Evangelical Quarterly.

HUCA                   Hebrew Union College Annual.

IEJ                         Israel Exploration,Journal.

JAOS                     Journal of the American Oriental Society.

JBL                        Journal of Biblical Literature.

JEA                       Journal of Egyptian Archaeology.

JNES                     Journal of Near Eastern Studies.

JNSL                     Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages.

JQR                       Jewish Quarterly Review.

JSS                        Journal of Semitic Studies.

JTS                        Journal of Theological Studies.

OTS                       Oudtestamentische Studien.

PEQ                      Palestine Exploration Quarterly.

SJT                        Scottish Journal of Theology.

TB                          Tyndate Bulletin.

VT                         Vetus Testamentum.

VTS                       Supplement to Vetus Testamentum.

WTJ                       Westminster Theological, Journal.

ZATW                    Zeitschrift fu/r die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

 

簡寫一覽

{\Section:TopicID=103}Ⅰ　傳道書的註釋與論文

Aalders                  Het Boek de Prediker by G. Ch. Aalders (Commentar op Het Oude Testament), 1948.

Barton                    Ecclesiastes by G. A. Barton (International Critical Commentary), 1908.

CPIQ                     M. Dahood, 'Canaanite-Phoenician Influence in Qoheleth', Biblica, 33. 1952, pp. 30-52, 191-221.

Delitzsch                 The Song qf Songs and Ecclesiastes by F. Delitzsch, 1891.

Ellemeier                Qohelet I/1, Untersuchengen zum Buche Qohelet by F. Ellermeier, 1967.

Galling                    Die Fu/f Megilloth by K. Galling, 1940, 2 1969.

Ginsberg                 Supplementary Studies in Koheleth by H. L. Ginsberg, 1952.

Ginsburg                 Coheleth by C. D. Ginsburg, 1861.

Gordis                    Koheleth - the Man and His World by R. Gordis, 1955.

Graetz                    Kohelet oder der Salomonische Prediger by H. Graetz. 1871.

Hengstenberg         Commentary on Ecclesiastes by E. W. Hengstenberg, 1869.

Hertzberg               Der Prediger, Das Buch Esther by H. W. Hertzberg and H. Bardtke (Kommentar zum Alten Testament), 1963.

Jastrow                  A Gentle Cynic by M. Jastrow, 1919.

Jones                      Proverbs, Ecclesiastes by E. Jones (Torch Bible Commentaries), 1961.

Kidner                    A Time to Mourn, and a Time to Dance by D. Kidner (The Bible speaks today), 1976.

Lauha                     Kohelet by A. Lauha (Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament), 1978.

Leupold                  Exposition of Ecclesiastes by H. C. Leupold, 1952.

Luther                    'Notes on Ecclesiastes', Luther's Works, vol. 15, 1972.

Lys                         L~Eccle*siaste ou que vaut la vie？ by D. Lys, vol. 1, 1977.

McNeile                 An Introduction to Ecclesiastes by A. H. McNeile, 1904.

PBQ                      M. Dahood, 'The Phoenician Background of Qoheleth', Biblica, 47, 1966, pp. 264-282.

Plumptre                 Ecclesiastes or The Preacher by E. H. Plumptre, 1881.

Podechard              L~Eccle*siaste by E. Podechard, 1912.

Power                    Ecclesiastes or The Preacher by A. D. Power, 1952.

QRD                      M. Dahood, 'Qoheleth and Recent Discoveries', Biblica, 39, 1958, pp. 302-318.

Ranston                  Ecclesiastes and the Early Greek Wisdom Literature by H. Ranston, 1925.

Rylaarsdam            Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon by J. C. Rylaarsdam, 1965.

Scott                      Proverbs, Ecclesiastes by R. B. Y. Scott (Anchor Bible), 1965.

Thilo                       Der Prediger by M. Thilo, 1923.

Wardlaw                Lectures on the Book of Ecclesiastes by R. Wardlaw, 2 vols., 1838.

Wildeboer              Der Prediger by G. Wildeboer, 1898.

Williams                 Ecclesiastes by A. L. Williams (The Cambridge Bible), 1922.

Wright                    The Book of Koheleth by C. H. H. Wright, 1883.

Zimmerli                 Das Buch Des Predigers Salomo by W. Zimmerli, 1962.

{\Section:TopicID=104}Ⅱ 聖經版本

AV                         Authorized Version (King, James), 1611.

ASV                      American Standard Version, 1901.

Berkeley                 Revised Berkeley Version, 1974.

GNB                      Good News Bible, 1976.

Heb.                       Hebrew.

JB                          Jerusalem Bible, 1966.

LXX                      The Septuagint (Greek Version of the Old Testament).

mg.                         margin.

Moffatt                   A New Translation of the Bible by J. Moffatt, 1935.

MT                        Massoretic Text.

NAB                      The New American Bible, 1970.

NASV                   New American Standard Version, 1971.

NEB                      The New English Bible, 1970.

NIV                       New International Version, 1978.

Peshitta                  The Old Testament in Syriac (E. J. Brill, Leiden), part II, fasc. 5, 1979.

RSV                       Revised Standard Version, 1952.

RV                         Revised Version, 1885.

Targum                   A. Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic , vol. IVA, 1968.

{\Section:TopicID=105}Ⅲ 其他參考資料

ANET                    Ancient Near Eastern Texts edited by J. B. Pritchard, 3 1969.

BDB                      Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament by F. Brown, S. R. Driver and C. A. Briggs, 1907.

DS                         Hebrew Syntax by A. B. Davidson, 3 1901.

DTTML                 Dictionary of the Targumin, Talmud Babli, Yerushalmi' and Midrashic Literature by M. Jastrow, 1971 edition.

GK                        Hebrew Grammar by W. Gesenius, E. Kautzsch and A. F. Cowley, 2  1910.

IB                           The Interpreter's Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al., 12vols., 1952-57.

IBD                        The Illustrated Bible Dictionary edited by N. Hillyer et al., 3 vols., 1980.

IDB                        The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible edited by G. A. Buttrick et al., 4 vols., 1962.

Jou/on                     Grammaire de l~He*breu Biblique by P. Jou/on, 1923.

Lambert &nb