书评:桂丹诺《从旧约传讲基督》(附英文原文)

2016-05-23 21:43 浏览量: 4847 作者: Aaron Menikoff 来源: 健康教会九标志
摘要:桂丹诺认为,既然旧约见证基督,忠心的讲道人必须以基督作为焦点根据旧约讲道。他将“传讲基督”定义为“讲道的讲章,是真正整合经文的信息和神启示的高潮,也就是神在新约圣经关乎耶稣基督的位格、工作和/或教导的启示。”(中文版34页)桂丹诺接下来用300多页的篇幅阐释了这一概念。桂丹诺不仅捍卫从旧约传讲基督的必要性,也捍卫从一般意义上传讲旧约。桂丹诺认为,诉诸圣经的统一性,旧约能使教会更为全面地认识耶稣基督。

书评:桂丹诺《从旧约传讲基督》(附英文原文)

原创 2016-05-23 Aaron Menikoff 健康教会九标志

       

 

  桂丹诺的《从旧约传讲基督》1999年已经出版。此书之所以问世,是因为在当时,没有当代书籍带领神学生或教会牧师浏览以基督为中心的旧约讲道基础内容。自1999年,圣经神学席卷了很多福音派的圈子,许多作者就此著书,圣经神学得以流行,教会获益。即便如此,《从旧约传讲基督》仍然值得读上又读,因为致力于释经讲道的牧者们必须明白圣经主要的主题,更要能处理一些特别的经文如何明确指向基督。

 

  本质上说,桂丹诺认为,既然旧约见证基督,忠心的讲道人必须以基督作为焦点根据旧约讲道。他将传讲基督定义为讲道的讲章,是真正整合经文的信息和神启示的高潮,也就是神在新约圣经关乎耶稣基督的位格、工作和/或教导的启示。(中文版34页)桂丹诺接下来用300多页的篇幅阐释了这一概念。

 

  桂丹诺不仅捍卫从旧约传讲基督的必要性,也捍卫从一般意义上传讲旧约。桂丹诺认为,诉诸圣经的统一性,旧约能使教会更为全面地认识耶稣基督。

 

  本书相当一部分阐述了旧约讲道的历史概况,特别关注寓意诠释的危险。桂丹诺固然批评挑刺,却并非对在他之前的解经家不屑一顾,反而细致评估讲道人的贡献,直回溯到俄利根,不过更多的篇幅却花在了加尔文、路德、司布真以及魏瑟(Vischer)上,后者是一位20世纪的神学家,曾遭纳粹禁止教导。阅读这一历史,知道几个世纪以来讲道人都在这些概念上孜孜不倦,真是让人欣慰。今天的牧师们有机会借鉴他们的错误以及洞见。

 

  本书的精华是桂丹诺提出的确切地从旧约传讲基督的方法论。作者认为,从旧约通往基督有很多路径,而讲道人有责任学习这张地图。这些路径包括:

 

救赎历史进程(某些事件在基督里得以应验);

●  应许应验(旧约特定的应许由基督应验);

●  预表论(过去的行动或人物预示或预表福音事件和人物);

●  类比(粗略的说,神之于以色列,如同基督之于新约教会);

●  纵向主题(旧约主题借由基督重新诠释);以及

● 参照(基督带来的新旧约之间的差异)。

 

  除了这些路径,桂丹诺提议的救赎历史的、以基督为中心的方法,提倡讲道人寻找与旧约经文相关的新约参考经文。这样,新约本身成为从希伯来圣经传讲基督的指南。

 

  最后,任何要提出原则的、关于讲道的书,都要以行动展示这些原则,桂丹诺应用自己的方法深度分析了创世记第22章。作者也在另外五段经文中应用了这一方法,只是没有那么深入:创世记69-822;出埃及记1522-27178-16;民数记19章以及约书亚记第2章和第6章。

 

  讲道并不容易,从旧约忠心地传讲尤其令人却步。鉴于此,《从旧约传讲基督》是优秀的资源,尚未有其它书能取代。丹尼斯·约翰逊的《我们传扬祂》可与之媲美。然而,鉴于桂丹诺激光般地聚焦于旧约,又鉴于关于从旧约讲道的书是凤毛麟角,对于想要搞懂救赎历史讲道的牧者们来说,他的书仍然是非常有用的工具。

 

 

 

 

Book Review: Preaching Christ from the OldTestament, by Sidney Greidanus

 

       Sidney Greidanus’s Preaching Christ from the OldTestament has been in print since 1999. Greidanus wrote it because, at thetime, no contemporary books took a seminary student or church pastor throughthe basics of Christocentric, Old Testament preaching. Since 1999, biblicaltheology has stormed into many evangelical circles and been popularized for thechurch’s good by a number of authors. Still, Preaching Christ is worth a second(or a first) look, if only because pastors committed to preachingexpositionally must move beyond understanding the main themes of the Bible toaddressing how particular texts point to Christ with great specificity.

 

        In essence, Greidanus argues that, since the OldTestament witnesses to Christ, faithful preachers must preach sermons from theOld Testament with Christ as the focus. He defines “preaching Christ” as“preaching sermons which authentically integrate the message of the text withthe climax of God’s revelation in the person, work, and/or teaching of JesusChrist as revealed in the New Testament” (10). Greidanus then spends over 300pages unpacking this idea.

 

He not only defends the necessity of preaching Christfrom the Old Testament, but of preaching the Old Testament in general.Appealing to the unity of Scripture, Greidanus argues that the Old Testamentgives the church a fuller understanding of Jesus Christ.

 

         A large portion of the book is devoted to a historicaloverview of Old Testament preaching, with special attention given to thedangers of allegorizing. Greidanus is critical but not dismissive ofinterpreters who have come before him, carefully assessing the contributions ofpreachers going back as far as Origen, but devoting extended space to Calvin,Luther, Spurgeon, and William Vischer, a twentieth-century theologian bannedfrom teaching by the Nazis. Reading this history, it is comforting to know thatpreachers have been wrestling with these ideas for centuries. Pastors todayhave the opportunity to learn from their insights as well as their mistakes.

 

         The meat of the book is the methodology Greidanusproposes for actually preaching Christ from the Old Testament. He argues thatthere are many “roads” that lead from the Old Testament to Christ, and it isincumbent upon preachers to learn the map. Some of the roads include

 

● redemptive-historical progression (certain eventsfind their fulfillment in Christ);

● promise-fulfillment (specific Old Testamentpromises are fulfilled by Christ);

● typology (past acts or figures foreshadow orprefigure gospel events and figures);

● analogy (roughly speaking, God was for Israel whatChrist is for the New Testament church);

● longitudinal themes (Old Testament themesreinterpreted in light of Christ); and

● contrast (differences between the Old and NewTestaments brought by Christ).

 

        In addition to these roads, the “redemptive-historicalchristocentric” method Greidanus proposes calls the preacher to look for NewTestament references that link to Old Testament texts. In this way, the NewTestament itself serves as a guide for preaching Christ from the Hebrew Bible.

 

       Finally, any book on preaching that is going to positprinciples should show those principles in action, which Greidanus does with anin depth application of his method to Genesis 22. To a lesser degree, he alsoapplies it to five other texts: Genesis 6:9-8:22; Exodus 15:22-27; Exodus17:8-16; Numbers 19; and Joshua 2 and 6.

 

        Preaching is challenging, but preaching faithfully fromthe Old Testament is especially daunting. With this in mind, Preaching Christfrom the Old Testament is an excellent resource that has yet to be replaced.Dennis Johnson’s Him We Proclaim comes closest, but given Greidanus’slaser-like focus on the Old Testament, and given the lack of books on preachingfrom the Old Testament, his book remains a very useful tool for pastors trying tomake sense of redemptive-historical preaching.

 

书评作者:AaronMenikoff


Aaron Menikoff
是乔治亚州沙泉阜南浸信会(Mt. Vernon Baptist Church inSandy Springs, Georgia)的主任牧师。

 



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